Psychedelics Through History

A Comprehensive Study of THC and Other Psychoactive Substances Across Cultures and Time

🌍 Ancient Use of Psychoactive Substances

Early Evidence of Cannabis Use

"Cannabis was called the 'liberator of sin' and 'heavenly guide' in ancient Taoist texts, believed to help users communicate with spirits."

Other Ancient Psychoactives

⏳ Historical Timeline of Psychoactive Use

Prehistoric Times
Shamanic use of psychoactive plants in ritual contexts across multiple continents
2000-500 BCE
Soma, a ritual drink mentioned in the Vedas, likely contained psychoactive compounds
500 BCE-400 CE
Greek and Roman use of psychoactive substances in religious ceremonies (Eleusinian Mysteries)
Middle Ages
Witches' ointments containing psychoactive plants like belladonna and mandrake
1492
Columbus encounters tobacco in the Americas, introducing it to Europe
19th Century
Scientific isolation of active compounds: morphine (1804), cocaine (1855), THC (1964)
1960s
Counterculture movement popularizes psychedelics; Timothy Leary promotes LSD
1970s
War on Drugs begins; many psychedelics become Schedule I substances
21st Century
Psychedelic renaissance; renewed research into therapeutic applications

🌎 Cultural & Religious Use of Psychoactives

Hinduism & Soma

The ritual drink Soma, mentioned in the Rigveda, may have contained psychoactive compounds like Amanita muscaria or ephedra.

Buddhism & Cannabis

Some Tibetan Buddhist traditions used cannabis to facilitate meditation and enhance spiritual awareness.

Rastafarianism & Ganja

Rastafarians use cannabis as a sacrament in religious ceremonies, viewing it as the "wisdom weed."

Native American Church

Peyote is used sacramentally in religious ceremonies, protected under US law for religious purposes.

Amazonian Shamanism

Ayahuasca has been used for centuries in healing ceremonies and spiritual practices.

Ancient Greece

The Eleusinian Mysteries likely involved a psychoactive brew called kykeon in initiation rituals.

🧪 Scientific Discovery & Isolation

Key Discoveries in Psychoactive Compounds

"The discovery of LSD's psychoactive properties in 1943 opened new doors to understanding consciousness and treating mental health conditions."

Modern Research Renaissance

⚖️ Legal History & Prohibition

Early Regulation

Modern Prohibition

Recent Legalization Movements

📚 Key Historical Figures

Albert Hofmann

Swiss chemist who discovered LSD's psychoactive properties and later isolated psilocybin from magic mushrooms.

Raphael Mechoulam

Israeli chemist who first isolated and synthesized THC, later discovering the endocannabinoid system.

Terence McKenna

American ethnobotanist who popularized the "stoned ape" theory and advocated for psychedelic exploration.

Maria Sabina

Mazatec curandera who introduced Westerners to psilocybin mushrooms, leading to their popularization.

Timothy Leary

Harvard psychologist who became a major advocate for LSD before its prohibition, famously urging people to "turn on, tune in, drop out."

Alexander Shulgin

American chemist who synthesized and tested hundreds of psychoactive compounds, documenting them in PiHKAL and TiHKAL.

🔍 Further Reading & Resources

Recommended Books

Online Resources

Academic Journals