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           | Description | 
           
            English: Date: 1983
 Location:  en:McMurdo Station, Antarctica Photographer: Randy C. Bunney 
               
              
             USNS Southern Cross cargo operations at ice pier. McMurdo Station, Antarctica; 1983. The  en:ice pier had been in use four seasons. Workers made the ice pier by repeatedly flooding an area with water which quickly turned to ice. However, by the time of 1983 cargo operations, the pier was rapidly deteriorating. Severe cracks appeared in the surface even as tidewaters further undercut the pier's edge causing large chunks of ice to break off. 
             References "Race to reach McMurdo Station," The Press, March 23, 1983; Christchurch, New Zealand.  
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           | Date | 
           2006-12-23 (first version); 2007-03-25 (last version) | 
          
          
           | Source | 
           Transferred from  en.wikipedia | 
          
          
           | Author | 
           Original uploader was  Fishdecoy at  en.wikipedia | 
          
          
           Permission ( Reusing this file) | 
           
             CC-BY-SA-2.5. 
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